水性聚氨酯分散剂对偶氮红的分散性能

葛陆俊; 卢心予; 应思斌; 王利军

水性聚氨酯分散剂对偶氮红的分散性能

引用本文：葛陆俊,卢心予,应思斌,王利军.水性聚氨酯分散剂对偶氮红的分散性能[J].上海第二工业大学(中文版),2026,43(2):146-153

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作者	单位
葛陆俊	1. 上海第二工业大学能源与材料学院, 上海201209
卢心予	2. 浙江新化化工股份有限公司, 杭州311607
应思斌	2. 浙江新化化工股份有限公司, 杭州311607
王利军	1. 上海第二工业大学能源与材料学院, 上海201209 3. 宁波聚才新材料科技有限公司, 浙江宁波315175

基金项目:宁波市3315 资本引才计划(2020C-04-T) 资助

中文摘要:采用聚乙二醇1000 (polyethylene glycol 1000, PEG 1000)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)、无水丙酮、催化剂辛酸亚锡、4,4’-亚甲基双(环己胺) (4,4’-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), PACM) 等为原料,合成一种相对分子质量在2 000~4 000 之间的嵌段型水性聚氨酯(waterborne polyurethane, WPU) 分散剂, 考察其用量(质量分数2%~10%) 对偶氮红水性染料分散性能的影响规律及其机理。在低添加量(质量分数<4%) 条件下, 分散剂吸附不足造成WPU 包覆缺陷, 在热储存过程中发生弱吸附团聚体解离和大颗粒沉降, 导致表观粒径减小; 在高添加量(质量分数>8%) 时, 过量游离WPU 形成胶束并发生桥接絮凝作用, 导致D₉₀ 增加超过63%, 且热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis, TGA) 曲线在300 ℃ 附近出现了催化剂分解肩峰(失重>6%)。当WPU 质量分数为6%时, 经60 ℃ 热储存3 天后, D₅₀、D₉₀ 分别增加了6.04% (从430 nm 增至456 nm) 和33.7% (从1 324 nm 增至1 771 nm)。SEM 表征发现, 纳米颗粒形貌转变为棒状结构。TGA 测试表明, WPU 修饰材料的主分解温度由原始样品的369.3 ℃ 提高至381.3 ℃, 实现了分散稳定性和热稳定性的协同优化。

中文关键词:表面活性剂分散聚氨酯偶氮红染料稳定性

The Dispersion Performance of Modified Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersant for Azo Red Dye

Abstract:Polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG 1000), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), anhydrous acetone, catalyst stannous octoate, 4,4’-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (PACM), and other raw materials were used as raw materials to synthesize a block-type waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersant with a relative molecular mass between 2 000 and 4 000, and its dosage (mass fraction 2% to 10%) on the dispersion properties of azo red aqueous dye and its mechanism was investigated. Under the condition of low addition amount (mass fraction < 4%), WPU coating defects are caused by insufficient adsorption of the dispersant. During the thermal storage process, weakly adsorbed aggregates dissociate, and large particles settle, causing the apparent particle size to decrease. At high addition amounts (mass fraction > 8%), excess free WPU forms micelles and undergoes bridging flocculation, resulting in an increase in D₉₀ of more than 63%, and a catalyst decomposition shoulder (weight loss > 6%) appears near 300 ℃ in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve. When the WPU mass fraction is 6%, the D₅₀ and D₉₀ after 3 days of thermal storage at 60 ℃ increase by 6.04% (from 430 nm to 456 nm) and 33.7% (from 1 324 nm to 1 771 nm), respectively. SEM characterization reveals that the nanoparticle morphology changes to a rod-like structure. TGA testing shows that the main decomposition temperature of the WPU modified material increases from 369.3 ℃ of the original sample to 381.3 ℃, achieving collaborative optimization of dispersion stability and thermal stability.

keywords:surfactant dispersion polyurethane azo red dye stability

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